Trucks play a vital role in the transportation and logistics industry. From light commercial vehicles to heavy-duty trucks, each truck type is designed to serve specific purposes based on its load capacity, size, and configuration. This guide explores different types of trucks and explains how to calculate their load capacities effectively.

Why Different Capacity Trucks Are Needed

Different capacity trucks are essential to meet the diverse needs of the transportation and logistics industry. Smaller capacity trucks, such as 6 wheeler or 6 tyre trucks, are ideal for short-distance transportation and moderate loads like construction materials, consumer goods, or agricultural produce. These trucks are more economical for lighter loads and provide easier manoeuvrability in urban and rural areas.

On the other hand, larger capacity trucks, such as 10 wheeler and 12 wheeler trucks, are designed for heavy loads and long-distance transportation. These trucks are suitable for industrial goods, bulk materials, and oversized cargo. Using the right truck capacity ensures cost efficiency, reduces wear and tear, and complies with legal load limits, thereby improving safety and productivity.

Understanding Truck Configurations

Trucks are categorized based on the number of axles and wheels, which determine their load capacity and suitability for specific cargo types. Here are common configurations:

  1. 6 Tyre Truck (6 Wheeler Truck):
    • Typically has 2 axles, with 2 wheels on the front axle and 4 wheels on the rear axle.
    • Used for medium cargo loads such as construction materials, agricultural produce, or industrial goods.
  2. 10 Tyre Truck (10 Wheeler Truck):
    • Features 3 axles, with 2 wheels on the front axle and 8 wheels distributed across the two rear axles.
    • Designed for heavy loads such as machinery, bulk goods, and industrial materials.
  3. 12 Tyre Truck:
    • Includes 4 axles, with 2 wheels on the front axle and 10 wheels on the rear axles.
    • Suitable for very heavy cargo like steel rods, containers, and over-dimensional cargo (ODC).
  4. 14 Tyre Truck:
    • Consists of 5 axles, accommodating even higher load capacities.
    • Used for oversized goods and long-haul freight.

Load Capacities of Common Truck Types

The load capacity of a truck depends on its axle configuration, engine power, and design. Below are the approximate load capacities for commonly used trucks:

Truck Type Number of Wheels Axles Load Capacity (Tons)
6 Tyre Truck (6 Wheeler) 6 2 7-10
10 Tyre Truck (10 Wheeler) 10 3 16-25
12 Tyre Truck 12 4 25-30
14 Tyre Truck 14 5 30-35
18 Tyre Truck 18 6 40+

Calculating Truck Load Capacity

Load capacity is influenced by factors such as the truck’s gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), axle weight distribution, and permissible limits set by government regulations. Here’s a step-by-step method to calculate the load capacity of a truck:

Step 1: Understand Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)

GVWR is the maximum allowable weight of a fully loaded truck, including the vehicle’s own weight, cargo, passengers, and fuel.

Step 2: Subtract the Unladen Weight

Unladen weight, also known as curb weight, is the weight of the truck without any cargo or passengers.

Load Capacity = GVWR – Unladen Weight

Step 3: Consider Axle Load Distribution

Each axle has a maximum permissible load. Ensure the weight distribution complies with axle weight limits to avoid fines or damage to the truck.

Examples of Load Capacity Calculation

Example 1: 6 Tyre Truck (6 Wheeler Truck)

  • GVWR: 16 tons
  • Unladen Weight: 9 tons
  • Load Capacity = 16 – 9 = 7 tons

Example 2: 10 Tyre Truck (10 Wheeler Truck)

  • GVWR: 25 tons
  • Unladen Weight: 10 tons
  • Load Capacity = 25 – 10 = 15 tons

Applications of Different Trucks

6 Tyre Truck Applications

  • Suitable for medium-weight cargo such as:
    • Construction materials (sand, bricks, cement)
    • Consumer goods
    • Agricultural produce

10 Tyre Truck Applications

  • Ideal for heavy cargo like:
    • Industrial machinery
    • Long-distance goods transportation
    • Bulk materials (coal, gravel, iron ore)

Specialized Trucks

  • Refrigerated Trucks: Used for transporting perishable items like food and pharmaceuticals.
  • Container Trucks: Designed for containerized cargo, ensuring secure transportation over long distances.
  • Flatbed Trucks: Suitable for oversized loads like machinery or construction equipment.

Government Regulations and Safety Standards

The Indian government regulates truck load capacities to ensure road safety and reduce damage to infrastructure. Key regulations include:

  • Axle Load Limits: Maximum weight per axle varies based on truck type and configuration.
  • Overloading Penalties: Overloaded trucks face heavy fines and potential confiscation.
  • Permits for Oversized Loads: Special permits are required for carrying oversized or over-dimensional cargo.

Also read:- Container Truck Size and Dimensions

Tips for Optimizing Truck Load Capacity

  • Choose the Right Truck Type: Select a truck that matches the cargo’s weight and size to avoid underutilization or overloading.
  • Distribute Weight Evenly: Ensure cargo is evenly distributed to maintain stability and reduce wear and tear on the truck.
  • Perform Regular Maintenance: Well-maintained trucks are more efficient and safer for carrying heavy loads.
  • Use GPS and Load Management Software: Optimize routes and monitor load capacity in real time to improve efficiency.

TruckUp

At TruckUp, we understand the importance of choosing the right truck for your transportation needs. Whether you’re transporting goods locally or across long distances, selecting the right truck type and managing load capacity effectively can make a significant difference in operational efficiency and profitability.

In case it’s a 6-wheeler for moderate loads or a 10-wheeler for heavy cargo, we provide reliable solutions tailored to your business. Our commitment to efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness ensures your goods reach their destination on time. With a focus on innovation and customer satisfaction, TruckUp is here to elevate your logistics experience. Trust us for seamless operations and unmatched service in the trucking industry. Let’s move forward, together.